Each 1 tsp serving contains: Cod Liver Oil 1233 mg, providing Vitamin D (333.3 IU) 8.3 mcg, Vitamin A (1150 IU) 347 mcg, Docosahexaenoic Acid 133.3 mg, Eicosapentaenoic Acid 100 mg. Other Ingredients: Ascorbyl Palmitate, Citric Acid, Disodium EDTA, Guar Gum, Gum Arabic, Lecithin, Lemon Flavour, Mixed Tocopherol Concentrate, Purified Water, Rosemary Oil, Sorbic Acid, Turmeric Oil, Xanthan Gum, Xylitol.
Brand name products often contain multiple ingredients. To read detailed information about each ingredient, click on the link for the individual ingredient shown above.
In 2004, Canada began regulating natural medicines as a category of products separate from foods or drugs. These products are officially recognized as "Natural Health Products." These products include vitamins, minerals, herbal preparations, homeopathic products, probiotics, fatty acids, amino acids, and other naturally derived supplements.
In order to be marketed in Canada, natural health products must be licensed. In order to be licensed in Canada, manufacturers must submit applications to Health Canada including information about uses, formulation, dosing, safety, and efficacy.
Products can be licensed based on several criteria. Some products are licensed based on historical or traditional uses. For example, if an herbal product has a history of traditional use, then that product may be acceptable for licensure. In this case, no reliable scientific evidence is required for approval.
For products with non-traditional uses, some level of scientific evidence may be required to support claimed uses. However, a high level of evidence is not necessarily required. Acceptable sources of evidence include at least one well-designed, randomized, controlled trial; well-designed, non-randomized trials; cohort and case control studies; or expert opinion reports.
Finished products licensed by Health Canada must be manufactured according to Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs) as outlined by Health Canada.
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Cod Liver Oil Liquid. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Cod Liver Oil Liquid. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. In clinical studies of cod liver oil in adults, a dose of 10 mL daily has been used safely for up to 24 weeks (3398), a dose of 15 mL daily has been used safely for 16 weeks (7360), and doses of 20 mL to 30 mL daily have been used with apparent safety for between 2 weeks and 8 weeks (3399,4026,10083,94758,94759,94754). Cod liver oil is a source of vitamins A and D. Dose amounts should not exceed the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) of these vitamins. For vitamin A, the RDAs are 900 mcg (3000 units of retinol) daily for men and 700 mcg (2333 units of retinol) daily for women (7135). For vitamin D the RDAs are 15 mcg (600 units) daily for all adults up to 70 years of age, and 20 mcg (800 units) daily for older adults (91703).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally in excessive doses. Avoid doses of cod liver oil that contain more than the Tolerable Upper Intake levels (ULs) of vitamins A and D. For vitamin A the ULs are 3000 mcg (10,000 units of retinol) daily for adults and 2800 mcg (9333 units of retinol) daily for teenagers aged 14 years to 18 years (7135). For vitamin D, the UL is 100 mcg (4000 units) daily for everyone 9 years of age and older (91703). There is also concern that higher doses might increase bleeding risk. Cod liver oil in doses of 20-40 mL daily has been associated with prolonged bleeding time and reduced platelet aggregation in healthy volunteers (4025,4026,10083,91701,91702). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of cod liver oil when used topically.
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in doses providing no more than the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) of vitamins A and D.
For vitamin A, the RDAs are 400 mcg (1333 units of retinol) daily up to age 6 months, 500 mcg (1667 units of retinol) daily for ages 6 months to 12 months, 300 mcg (1000 units of retinol) daily for ages 1 year to 3 years, 400 mcg (1333 units of retinol) daily for ages 4 years to 8 years, and 600 mcg (2000 units of retinol) daily for ages 9 years to 13 years (7135). For vitamin D, the RDAs are 10 mcg (400 units) daily for infants up to 12 months of age, and 15 mcg (600 units) daily for ages 1 year to 13 years (91703).
In clinical studies, children aged 6 months to 1 year have safely received cod liver oil 2.5 mL daily for 5 months, and children aged 1 year to 5 years have safely received 5 mL daily for 5 months (94756).
CHILDREN: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally in excessive doses.
Avoid doses of cod liver oil that contain more than the Tolerable Upper Intake levels (ULs) of vitamins A and D. For vitamin A, the ULs are 600 mcg (2000 units of retinol) daily for infants and children up to 3 years of age, 900 mcg (3000 units of retinol) daily for ages 4 years to 8 years, and 1700 mcg (5667 units of retinol) daily for ages 9 years to 13 years (7135). For vitamin D, the ULs are 25 mcg (1000 units) daily for infants up to 6 months, 38 mcg (1500 units) daily for ages 7 months to 12 months, 63 mcg (2500 units) daily for ages 1 year to 3 years, 75 mcg (3000 units) daily for ages 4 years to 8 years, and 100 mcg (4000 units) daily for ages 9 years and above (91703).
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in doses providing no more than the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) of vitamins A and D.
For vitamin A, the RDAs are 770 mcg (2567 units of retinol) daily for pregnant women over 18 years of age, and 750 mcg (2500 units of retinol) daily for pregnant teenagers 14 years to 18 years of age (7135). For vitamin D, the RDA is 15 mcg (600 units) daily for pregnant women of all ages (91703).
In clinical research, cod liver oil (Peter Möller, Oslo, Norway) 10 mL orally daily (providing vitamin A 1170 mcg and vitamin D 10 mcg daily) has been used safely from week 17 of pregnancy until delivery, and continuing for 3 months during lactation (94763).
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally in excessive doses.
Avoid doses of cod liver oil which contain more than the Tolerable Upper Intake levels (ULs) of vitamins A and D. For vitamin A, the ULs are 3000 mcg (10,000 units of retinol) daily for pregnant women over 18 years of age, and 2800 mcg (9333 units of retinol) daily for pregnant teenagers aged 14 years to 18 years (7135). For vitamin D, the UL is 100 mcg (4000 units) daily for pregnant women of all ages (91703).
LACTATION: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally and appropriately in doses providing no more than the recommended dietary allowances (RDAs) of vitamins A and D.
For vitamin A, the RDAs are 1300 mcg (4333 units of retinol) daily for lactating women over 18 years of age, and 1200 mcg (4000 units of retinol) daily for pregnant teenagers aged 14 years to 18 years (7135). For vitamin D, the RDA is 15 mcg (600 units) daily for lactating women of all ages (91703). An Icelandic cod liver oil, 10 mL daily, has been used safely for 4 months during lactation (94764).
LACTATION: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally in excessive doses.
Avoid doses of cod liver oil which contain more than the Tolerable Upper Intake levels (ULs) of vitamins A and D. For vitamin A, the ULs are 3000 mcg (10,000 units of retinol) daily for lactating women over 18 years of age, and 2800 mcg (9333 units of retinol) daily for lactating teenagers aged 14 years to 18 years (7135). For vitamin D, the UL is 100 mcg (4000 units) daily for lactating women of all ages (91703).
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Cod Liver Oil Liquid. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, cod liver oil may increase the risk of bleeding if used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
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Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antidiabetes drugs might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
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Some clinical research shows that cod liver oil may lower blood glucose levels in women with gestational diabetes who are already taking antidiabetes drugs when used for at least 12 weeks. However, it does not appear to have any effect on blood glucose when used for shorter durations (101988). Until more is known, use caution.
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Theoretically, taking cod liver oil with antihypertensive drugs might increase the risk of hypotension.
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Cod Liver Oil Liquid. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, cod liver oil is generally well tolerated.
Topically, adverse effects are rare. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Flatulence, gastrointestinal upset, heartburn, and nausea.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: There are rare reports of lipoid pneumonia.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, flatulence, heartburn, nausea, and gastrointestinal upset are the most frequently reported adverse effects of cod liver oil (3398,94757). Diarrhea also been reported rarely (101990).
Hematologic ...Orally, there is a case report of melena, bleeding duodenal ulcer, and anemia in a 60 year old man who was taking cod liver oil 5 mL daily in combination with other supplements, including fish oil, flaxseed oil, chlorella, and sea buckthorn, which increased his intake of omega-3 fatty acids to more than 21 grams daily (94751).
Immunologic ...Topically, cod liver oil may cause allergic contact dermatitis. There is a case report of allergic contact dermatitis in an 80-year-old woman being treated for leg ulcers with various topical products including 40% cod liver oil ointment (Dermovitamina, Pasquale SRL). She developed severe itchy papules and vesicles requiring treatment with topical corticosteroids and antihistamines, and had a positive skin test to cod liver oil but no other ingredients in the various topical products used (94762).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, headache and dizziness have been reported in a single patient each after a single dose of cod liver oil (101990).
Pulmonary/Respiratory
...Data from population surveys of adults in Norway conducted in the 1990s suggests that daily consumption of cod liver oil for at least a month is associated with a 1.
6-fold increase in the odds of adult-onset asthma about 11 years later, when adjusted for several confounding factors (94752). However, the cod liver oil that was commercially available in the 1990s in Norway contained high levels of vitamin A (1000 mcg per 5 mL; equivalent to 3333 units of retinol). It is thought that accumulation of vitamin A in the lungs contributed to the development of asthma.
A case report describes a 63-year-old white woman with a history of smoking and polyarthropathy who underwent a lobectomy after identification of a mass in her lung. This was identified as lipoid pneumonia, thought to be due to her regular intake of cod liver oil capsules (3396).
