| Ingredients | Not Present |
|---|---|
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(Larrea tridentata )
(aerial parts)
(Certified Organic, Extraction Rate: Dry herb/menstruum ratio: about 1/3-4. Up to 333 mg of raw material per 1 ml of extract.)
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Alcohol, Water, Glycerin
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Chaparral. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
There is insufficient reliable information available about the effectiveness of chaparral.
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Chaparral. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY UNSAFE ...when used orally. There are several reports of serious poisoning, acute hepatitis, and kidney and liver damage, including irreversible renal and hepatic failure (568,569,570,571,3484,3497,11121,11122,11129,41416,41445).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally.
There are several reports of serious poisoning, acute hepatitis, and kidney and liver damage, including irreversible renal and hepatic failure (568,569,570,571,3484,3497,11121,11122,11129,41416,41445). Advise patients not to use products containing chaparral.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Chaparral. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, chaparral might have additive adverse effects on the liver when used with hepatotoxic drugs (568,569,570,571,3497,11121,11122).
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Chaparral. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Chaparral is generally regarded as unsafe for use.
Any benefits of therapy may not outweigh the risk of toxicity. Orally, chaparral can cause hepatoxicity, resulting in jaundice, fatigue, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, dark urine, light stools, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, fever, and anorexia (568,569,570,571,3497,11121,11122). It can also cause cirrhosis, cholestasis, cholangitis, acute hepatitis, and liver failure possibly necessitating liver transplant (3497). Consumption of chaparral tea has been associated with cystic renal disease and cystic adenocarcinoma of the kidney (11129). Although some information suggests that low doses of chaparral can be used safely, a safe dose has not been established (10417).
Topically, chaparral can cause contact dermatitis (11128).
Hepatic
...Orally, chaparral can cause hepatoxicity, resulting in jaundice, fatigue, right upper quadrant abdominal pain, dark urine, light stools, nausea, diarrhea, weight loss, fever, and anorexia.
It can also cause cirrhosis, cholestasis, cholangitis, acute hepatitis, and liver failure (3497) Multiple cases of severe hepatotoxicity have been reported, including at least two cases requiring liver transplant (568,569,570,571,3497,11121,11122,41416,41445,41464).
The nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) constituent of chaparral is thought to be responsible for its hepatotoxic effect; however, the exact mechanism of toxicity is unknown (11125). Although some information suggests that low doses of chaparral can be used safely, a safe dose has not been established (10417).
Immunologic ...Topically, chaparral can cause contact dermatitis (10417,11128,41434).
Renal ...Orally, chaparral can cause kidney failure (3497). Consumption of chaparral tea has been associated with cystic renal disease and cystic adenocarcinoma of the kidney. In one case report, consumption of 3-4 cups of chaparral tea daily was associated with these symptoms (11129).
