Ingredients | Amount Per Serving |
---|---|
(Lepidium meyenii )
(root)
|
150 mg |
(Trigonella foenum-graecum )
(seed)
|
150 mg |
(Epimedium sagittatum Leaf Extract, Epimedium sagittatum Stem Extract, Icariins)
( 10% Icariins)
|
150 mg |
Proprietary Blend
|
200 mg |
(Humulus lupulus )
(strobile)
|
|
(Urtica dioica )
(root)
|
|
(Avena sativa )
(straw)
|
Hypromellose, Microcrystalline Cellulose, Silica, Magnesium Stearate (Alt. Name: Mg Stearate)
Below is general information about the effectiveness of the known ingredients contained in the product Passion. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
INSUFFICIENT RELIABLE EVIDENCE to RATE
Below is general information about the safety of the known ingredients contained in the product Passion. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods. Fenugreek has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when the seed is used orally in medicinal amounts. Fenugreek seed powder 5-10 grams daily has been used with apparent safety for up to 3 years. Fenugreek seed extract 1 gram daily has been used with apparent safety for up to 3 months (7389,9783,18359,18362,49868,90112,90113,90117,93419,93420)(93421,93422,93423,96065,103285,108704).
CHILDREN: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in amounts commonly found in foods (4912).
There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of fenugreek when used in larger amounts. Unusual body and urine odor has been reported after consumption of fenugreek tea. Although the odor appears to be harmless, it may be misdiagnosed as maple syrup urine disease (9782,96068).
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally in amounts greater than those found in food.
Fenugreek has potential oxytoxic and uterine stimulant activity (12531). There are case reports of congenital malformations, including hydrocephalus, anencephaly, cleft palate, and spina bifida, after consumption of fenugreek seeds during pregnancy (96068). Consumption of fenugreek immediately prior to delivery may cause the neonate to have unusual body odor. Although this does not appear to cause long-term sequelae, it may be misdiagnosed as maple syrup urine disease (9781,96068).
LACTATION: POSSIBLY SAFE
when used orally to stimulate lactation, short-term.
Although most available clinical studies lack safety testing in the lactating parent or infant (12535,22569,22570), some evidence suggests that taking fenugreek 1725 mg three times daily orally for 21 days does not cause negative side effects in the infant (90115).
LIKELY SAFE ...when consumed in amounts commonly found in foods. Hops extract and hops oil have Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when hops extract and hops-derived bitter acids are used orally and appropriately for medicinal purposes, short-term. Hops extract has been used with apparent safety in doses of up to 300 mg daily for 2-3 months. Hops-derived bitter acids have been used with apparent safety at a dose of 35 mg daily for 3 months (12,55338,55370,102899,105953,107813).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when horny goat weed extract is used orally and appropriately, short-term. A specific extract of horny goat weed containing 60 mg icariin, 15 mg daidzein, and 3 mg genistein (Xianling Gubao; Tong Ji Tang Pharmacal Company) has been used daily with apparent safety for up to 24 months (14900,97268). Another aqueous extract of horny goat weed containing up to 25.36% icariin has been used in a dose of 300 mL daily with apparent safety for up to 6 months (55452). Another horny goat weed extract has been used with apparent safety at doses up to 1000 mg daily (providing 200 mg icariin) for up to 30 days (108311).
POSSIBLY UNSAFE ...when used orally long-term or in high doses. Long-term use, or taking high doses of some species of horny goat weed, has been linked to serious adverse effects including respiratory arrest (10346).
PREGNANCY: POSSIBLY UNSAFE
when used orally.
Horny goat weed might have androgenic activity (10346). Theoretically, it might harm a developing fetus; avoid using.
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when maca is consumed in food amounts (9926).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately, short term. Maca appears to be safe in doses up to 3 grams daily for 4 months (9928,10218,18289,90278,108603).
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
LIKELY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately in food amounts (4960,4969,5792,5797). Oat bran has Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status in the US (4912). Whole grain oats 50-100 grams daily have been used for up to 1 year without serious adverse effects (97520).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used topically and appropriately (12). Lotion containing colloidal oat 1% has been used topically without adverse effects for up to 6 weeks (97518,103340). There is insufficient reliable information available about the safety of oats when used orally in medicinal amounts.
PREGNANCY AND LACTATION: LIKELY SAFE
when used orally in food amounts (5792,5797).
POSSIBLY SAFE ...when used orally and appropriately. Stinging nettle root 360-600 mg has been used safely for up to 1 year (5093,11230,15195,76406,96744). ...when used topically and appropriately (12490).
PREGNANCY: LIKELY UNSAFE
when used orally due to possible abortifacient and uterine-stimulant effects (4,6,19).
LACTATION:
Insufficient reliable information available; avoid using.
Below is general information about the interactions of the known ingredients contained in the product Passion. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
Theoretically, fenugreek might have additive effects when used with anticoagulant or antiplatelet drugs.
Details
Some of the constituents in fenugreek have antiplatelet effects in animal and in vitro research. However, common fenugreek products might not contain sufficient concentrations of these constituents for clinical effects. A clinical study in patients with coronary artery disease or diabetes shows that taking fenugreek seed powder 2.5 grams twice daily for 3 months does not affect platelet aggregation, fibrinolytic activity, or fibrinogen levels (5191,7389,49643).
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Theoretically, fenugreek seed might have additive hypoglycemic effects when used with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
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Theoretically, fenugreek seed might alter the clinical effects of clopidogrel by inhibiting its conversion to the active form.
Details
Animal research shows that fenugreek seed 200 mg/kg daily for 14 days increases the maximum serum concentration of clopidogrel by 21%. It is unclear how this affects the pharmacokinetics of the active metabolite of clopidogrel; however, this study found that concomitant use of fenugreek seed and clopidogrel prolonged bleeding time by an additional 11% (108701).
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Theoretically, fenugreek seed might have additive hypotensive effects when used with metoprolol.
Details
Animal research shows that fenugreek seed 300 mg/kg daily for 2 weeks decreases systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 9% and 11%, respectively, when administered alone, and by 15% and 22%, respectively, when given with metoprolol 10 mg/kg (108703).
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Theoretically, fenugreek might decrease plasma levels of phenytoin.
Details
Animal research shows that taking fenugreek seeds for 1 week decreases maximum concentrations and the area under the curve of a single dose of phenytoin by 44% and 72%, respectively. This seems to be related to increased clearance (110905). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, concurrent use of sildenafil and fenugreek might reduce levels and therapeutic effects of sildenafil.
Details
Animal research shows that taking fenugreek seeds for 1 week reduces maximum concentrations and the area under the curve of a single dose of sildenafil by 27% and 48%, respectively (110898). So far, this interaction has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, fenugreek may reduce the levels and clinical effects of theophylline.
Details
Animal research shows that fenugreek 50 grams daily for 7 days reduces the maximum serum concentration (Cmax) of theophylline by 28% and the area under the plasma drug concentration-time curve (AUC) by 22% (90118).
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Theoretically, fenugreek might have additive effects with warfarin and increase the international normalized ratio (INR).
Details
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Theoretically, concomitant use of hops with sedative drugs might cause additive sedation.
Details
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Hops extract does not seem to affect the metabolism of CYP1A2 substrates.
Details
In vitro research suggests that flavonoid constituents of hops inhibit CYP1A2 enzyme activity (10686). However, a pharmacokinetic study in healthy postmenopausal patients shows that taking a standardized extract of spent hops containing prenylated phenols, as 59.5 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, does not affect levels of caffeine, a CYP1A2 probe substrate (105954).
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Theoretically, hops extract might alter metabolism of CYP3A4 substrates; however, this effect may not be clinically significant.
Details
Animal research suggests that specific constituents of hops, called lupulones, can induce hepatic CYP3A4 enzyme activity (55325). However, a pharmacokinetic study in healthy postmenopausal patients with normal metabolism shows that taking a standardized extract of spent hops containing prenylated phenols, as 59.5 mg twice daily for 2 weeks, decreases the concentration of alprazolam, a CYP3A4 probe substrate, by 7.6%. This reduction is unlikely to be clinically relevant (105954).
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Theoretically, concomitant use of large amounts of hops might interfere with hormone replacement therapy due to competition for estrogen receptors.
Details
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Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the risk of bleeding.
Details
In vitro research and animal research shows that horny goat weed can inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation (105832). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the risk of hypotension.
Details
Laboratory research suggests that horny goat weed might have hypotensive effects (10346). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP1A2 substrates.
Details
In vitro, horny goat weed leaf extract inhibits CYP1A2 (97267). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP2B6 substrates.
Details
In vitro, horny goat weed leaf extract inhibits CYP2B6 (97267). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, horny goat weed might increase the effects and side effects of CYP3A4 substrates.
Details
In vitro, horny goat weed extract inhibits CYP3A4 and suppresses CYP3A4 mRNA expression (112708). This effect has not been reported in humans.
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Theoretically, concomitant use of horny goat weed with estrogens might increase their therapeutic and adverse effects.
Details
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Theoretically, oats may have additive effects with antidiabetic agents and might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
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Concomitant use of oats and insulin might increase the risk of hypoglycemia.
Details
In patients with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes, taking oats 100 grams daily for 2 days reduces the insulin dose required to achieve metabolic control (103336).
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Theoretically, stinging nettle might have additive effects with antidiabetes drugs.
Details
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Theoretically, combining stinging nettle with diuretic drugs may have additive effects.
Details
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Theoretically, stinging nettle might reduce excretion and increase levels of lithium.
Details
Animal research suggests that stinging nettle has diuretic and natriuretic properties, which could alter the excretion of lithium (76402). The dose of lithium might need to be decreased.
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There is some concern that stinging nettle might decrease the effects of anticoagulant drugs such as warfarin.
Details
Stinging nettle contains a significant amount of vitamin K (19). When taken in large quantities, this might interfere with the activity of warfarin.
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Below is general information about the adverse effects of the known ingredients contained in the product Passion. Some ingredients may not be listed. This information does NOT represent a recommendation for or a test of this specific product as a whole.
General
...Orally, fenugreek seed is generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, dyspepsia, flatulence, hypoglycemia, and nausea.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
All ROA: Severe allergic reactions including angioedema, bronchospasm, and shock.
Endocrine ...Orally, large doses of fenugreek seed, 100 grams daily of defatted powder, have caused hypoglycemia (164,96068).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, fenugreek seed can cause mild gastrointestinal symptoms, such as diarrhea, dyspepsia, abdominal distention and pain, nausea, and flatulence, especially when taken on an empty stomach (622,12534,18349,93421,96065,96068,105016).
Immunologic ...Fenugreek can cause allergic reactions when used orally and topically, and when the powder is inhaled (719,96068). Orally, fenugreek has caused bronchospasm, diarrhea, and itching, and skin reactions severe enough to require intravenous human immunoglobulin (96068). Topically, fenugreek paste has resulted in facial swelling, wheezing, and numbness around the head (719,96068). When used both orally and topically by a single individual, asthma and rhinitis occurred (96068). Inhalation of fenugreek powder has resulted in fainting, sneezing, runny nose, and eye tearing (719,96068).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, loss of consciousness has occurred in a 5 week-old infant drinking tea made from fenugreek (9782). Dizziness and headaches have been reported in clinical research of fenugreek extract (49551,93419). However, these events are rare.
Renal ...Orally, fenugreek aqueous see extract may increase the frequency of micturition, although this even appears to be rare (49551).
Other
...Consumption of fenugreek during pregnancy, immediately prior to delivery, may cause the neonate to have an unusual body odor, which may be confused with maple syrup urine disease.
It does not appear to cause long-term sequelae (9781). This unusual body odor may also occur in children drinking fenugreek tea. A case of a specific urine and sweat smell following oral fenugreek extract use has been reported for a patient in one clinical trial (18349).
In 2011, outbreaks of enteroaggregative hemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EATEC) O104:H4 infection occurred in Germany and Spain. Epidemiological studies linked the outbreaks to fenugreek seeds that had been imported from Africa. However, laboratory analyses were unable to isolate the causative strain of bacteria from fenugreek seed samples (49776,49777,49781,90114).
General
...Orally, hops extract and oil are generally well tolerated when used in food amounts.
Hops extract also seems to be well tolerated when used in supplemental amounts.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Drowsiness, sedation.
Dermatologic ...Topically, allergic reactions have been reported after contact with the fresh hops plant and plant dust. Contact dermatitis is attributed to the pollen (4,12,105930).
Genitourinary ...Orally, supplements containing hops and soy have been associated with 4 cases of postmenopausal bleeding (55404). It is unclear if this effect is due to hops, soy, or the combination. Also, menstrual disturbances have been reported in female workers harvesting hops (10684,55405).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, hops might cause drowsiness and sedation. Historically, hops are thought to have sedative effects, since workers harvesting hops were observed to tire easily after oral contact with hop resin. The European Medicines Agency states that hops may have sedative effects; however, there is a lack of clinical research confirming that hops extract causes drowsiness and sedation (105930).
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Occupational exposure to dust from hops, usually in combination with dust from other products, is associated with chronic respiratory symptoms such as dry cough, dyspnea, chronic bronchitis, and other occupational respiratory diseases (55333,55414).
General
...Orally, horny goat weed seems to be well tolerated when used short-term.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Dizziness, dry mouth, nosebleed, thirst, and vomiting.
Serious Adverse Effects (Rare):
Orally: Respiratory arrest.
Cardiovascular ...A 66-year-old male with a history of cardiovascular disease developed tachyarrhythmia after taking horny goat weed for 2 weeks (13006). It is not clear if this product contained only horny goat weed or a combination of ingredients; therefore, assigning causality is not possible.
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, long-term use of horny goat weed has been associated with reports of vomiting, dry mouth, thirst, and nosebleed (10346).
Hepatic ...A case of hepatotoxicity characterized by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever has been reported in a 40-year-old male patient with hepatitis C, after a month of taking one tablet daily of a combination product containing horny goat weed and multiple other ingredients (Enzyte, Vianda). Symptoms improved following cessation of the product, but it is not clear if they were due to horny goat weed, another ingredients, or hepatitis C (91590). An observational study over 24 years found 26 cases of drug-induced hepatoxicity associated with horny goat weed (112707).
Musculoskeletal ...Orally, large doses of horny goat weed may cause exaggeration of tendon reflexes to the point of spasm (10346).
Neurologic/CNS ...Orally, long-term use of horny goat weed has been associated with reports of dizziness (10346).
Psychiatric ...There is a case report of hypomania in a 66-year-old male who took horny goat weed for 2 weeks (13006). It is not clear if this product contained only horny goat weed or a combination of ingredients; therefore, assigning causality is not possible.
Pulmonary/Respiratory ...Orally, large doses of horny goat weed may cause respiratory arrest (10346).
General ...Orally, no adverse effects have been reported with the medicinal use of maca. However, a thorough evaluation of safety outcomes has not been conducted.
Gastrointestinal ...Consumption of fresh, uncooked maca may cause stomach pain (40231).
General
...Orally, oats are well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Abdominal distension, bloating, flatulence, and unpleasant taste.
Topically: Burning, contact dermatitis, itching, and redness.
Dermatologic ...Topically, oat-containing preparations can cause contact dermatitis (12515). Redness, burning, and itchiness have also been reported (103340).
Gastrointestinal
...When consumed orally, oats provide fiber.
Increasing fiber in the diet can cause flatulence, bloating, abdominal distention, and unpleasant taste. To minimize side effects, doses should be slowly titrated to the desired level. These adverse effects usually subside with continued use (12514).
In patients who have difficulty chewing food, or those with conditions that decrease small bowel motility, oat bran may cause bezoars (concretions) and intestinal obstruction. Oats and oat bran are unlikely to cause obstruction without other causative factors (4979,4985).
General
...Orally, stinging nettle seems to be generally well tolerated.
Most Common Adverse Effects:
Orally: Constipation, diarrhea.
Topically: Contact with the raw plant causes itching, rash, and stinging.
Dermatologic ...Topically, fresh stinging nettle leaves and stalk can cause localized rash, itching, and stinging (12490,76399,76412,76414,76417,76428,76448,96746). Usually, short exposure to stinging nettle results in a transient urticarial reaction and a stinging sensation which may persist for more than 12 hours (76399,76414,76417,96746). In one report, a patient placed a fresh stinging nettle leaf on the tongue to suck out the sap of the leaf. Severe tongue edema, pain, and urticaria developed within 5 minutes. Symptoms continued for several hours after the leaf was removed (15197). In another case report, a young couple intoxicated with methamphetamine fell and laid in a stinging nettle bush for 20 minutes, after which urticaria and pain continued for 2-3 weeks, and a heightened sensitivity to cold persisted for several months (96746).
Endocrine
...A case of gynecomastia has been reported for a 33-year-old male who consumed stinging nettle tea 2 cups daily for one month prior to symptom onset.
The condition subsided one month after discontinuing stinging nettle tea (76410).
There have been two cases of galactorrhea associated with the consumption of stinging nettle for one month (76410,108902). In one case, a 33-year-old female consuming stinging nettle tea showed high levels of estradiol and low levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The levels of these hormones normalized 6 weeks after discontinuing stinging nettle tea (76410). In the other case report describing a 30-year-old female self-treating with stinging nettle 500 mg daily, hormone levels were not reported; however, a mammogram showed scattered areas of fibroglandular density and benign-appearing calcifications. This patient had complete resolution of symptoms 1 week after discontinuation of stinging nettle (108902).
Gastrointestinal ...Orally, stinging nettle root can cause gastrointestinal complaints, including diarrhea and constipation (1,7,11230). Stinging nettle above ground parts may cause mild gastrointestinal discomfort when taken on an empty stomach (7035). Stinging nettle juice may cause diarrhea (1). One patient taking a combination product containing stinging nettle root extract and pygeum bark extract (Prostatonin, Pharmaton) experienced continual gastrointestinal pain and hyperperistalsis. It is not clear if this effect was due to stinging nettle or pygeum (70230).
Genitourinary ...There is a case report of decreased ejaculatory volume associated with an herbal blend product containing stinging nettle root extract, saw palmetto extract, pumpkin seed oil extract, lemon bioflavonoid extract, and beta-carotene (5093). It is unclear if this was due to stinging nettle, other ingredients, or the combination.
Hepatic ...A case of idiosyncratic drug-induced liver disease (DILI) is reported in a 36-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain after 1 month of taking an herbal liver detox tea containing stinging nettle and other ingredients. Remarkable laboratory values included elevated liver enzymes, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin. The patient received a loading dose of N-acetylcysteine and was hospitalized for 12 days (112178). However, it is unclear if the adverse effect was due to the stinging nettle, other ingredients, or the combination.
Other ...Orally, stinging nettle root can cause sweating (1,7).